Some data on the yields of coconuts in relation to damage caused by the insect. The infestation is spreading fast from calabarzon to bicol. Knowledge based information on coconut planting seasons. Coconut scale aspidiotus destructor signoret insecta. It may be copied and reproduced for personal use only. The aesa based ipm coconut, was compiled by the niphm working group under the chairmanship of dr. This bulletin describes the most common insect pests and diseases in home vegetable gardens. Tennant1,2 dwight robinson1 latanya fisher2 stacymarie bennett1 dave hutton1 phyllis coatesbeckford1 wayne mc laughlin3 1 department of life sciences, the university of the west. The coconut scale insect csi infestation has affected more than 1. Please report anything unusual to the pest and disease information service on.
Common insect pests and diseases on vegetables in the home garden. Dispididae csi is recorded in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide and is present in nearly all countries where coconuts are grown. Bracon hebetor against insect pest of coconut and sugarcane brachymeria against the pupae of several pests of plantation crops. Management biological control is the best way to manage scale, with lady beetles providing the most effective protection. In laguna, with about 8 million coconut trees, the pca recorded about 500,000 initially infested, but the number was reduced to 146,000 as of march, alcantara said. If the infestation level is low less than 30 palms are affected, cut 56 infested fronds and burn. Coconut scale attacks a large number of hosts including coconut and other palm species, avocado, cassava, papaya, guava and sugar cane. Unraveling the genetic structure of the coconut scale insect. These beneficial species attack the egg, immature larval. Pestnet summaries of messages pests pest outbreaks.
Close up coconut palm attacked by the stick insect, graeffea crouani. It can be an important component of integrated pest management ipm programs there are three basic strategies for. Some insects can constitute a major threat to entire countries or a group of nations. Elasmus eribor trichospilus gonlozus tetrastichus chelonus 19 ipm. The coconut palm, cocos nucifera, is an erect palm in the family arecaceae which is grown its fruits, used primarily for the extraction of coconut oil for use in cooking. United nations, ipm means considering all available pest control techniques and other measures that discourage the development of pest populations, while minimizing risks to human health and the environment. For indoor and outdoor use around the farm and home. The coconut palm has an erect or slightly curved stem which grows from a swollen base. Important insect pests are rhinoceros beetle, red pal weevil, coconut hispine beetle and black headed caterpillar management of rb and rpw. Some useful insects of cotton besides harmful insects numerous beneficial insects and arthropod species can be found in cotton fields attacking pest species. Some of the nursery pests such as ash weevil, whiteflies, scale insects and mealy bugs affect the appearance of coconut seedlings. Specific information on insecticides is available from eb236 the. Insect pests of coconuts in the pacific region sage journals. These pests have not yet been detected in american palm.
Life cycle adult females lay 2865 eggs in concentric circles under the scale cover over a period of 11 days, and may produce 3 or 4 consecutive batches in their lifetime taylor 1935. Occurrence of the pest in a low level in few pockets, regularly and. It is also known as armoured scale, transparent scale, bourbon scale, bourbon aspidiotus, and sometimes. There are 750 pest species attacking coconuts all over the world.
Unraveling the genetic structure of the coconut scale. Ipm of important insect pests of coconut amporn winotai entomology and zoology group department of agriculture bangkok, thailand. Diaspididae are inflicting significant economic losses to the philippines coconut industry, little is known about the population and dispersal history of this invasive pest in the country. The apple maggot is the most destructive pest of apples grown in home orchards. Coconut diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Bph in tanjore, rhc in madurai, pollachi endemic pest.
The purpose of this guide is to serve as a reference for insect pest identification and for general management guidelines. The philippine coconut authority needs local governments to declare a state of calamity. The mites feed on the underside of the lower leaves, causing extensive yellowing of the foliage. A method of estimating the damage inflicted on the developing fruit of the coconut palm by pseudotheraptus wayi brown is needed in order to assess the efficacy of measures for the control of this coreid. The insect lives in the crown of the palm, populations are small in relation to the damage they cause, the adults take wing readily and the nymphs are agile and secretive. However, methods for predicting insect pest outbreaks are by no means perfect.
Remove and burn all dead coconut trees in the garden which are likely to. Biological control or biocontrol is a method of controlling pests such as insects, mites, weeds and plant diseases using other organisms. The damage can significantly reduce coconut production and kill the tree. Insect pests have been defined by williams 1947 as any insect in the wrong place. These pests can be managed by using sticky red sphere traps. Mites and rodents are noninsect pests on coconut palm and they cause severe damage to the seedlings and the nuts.
If a large number of palms are infested you may contact the cdo in your area for pest population assessment. Coconut and palm pests alert these pests have not yet been detected in hawaii. Note that the egg skins are around the margin in contrast to those of the coconut false scale, which are in a crescent on one side of the cover. Of these, red palm weevil, rhynchophorus ferrugineus olivier rhinoceros beetle oryctes rhinoceros l.
Insect pests that attack plant leaves can inhibit the photosynthesis process of the plants. Trichogramma egg parasite against eggs of gram pod borer, rice stem borer, castor semilooper, cabbage diamond back moth etc. Insect pests of spices and condiments insect pests of stored products polyphagous pests rodents as pests keywords chewing insect, sucking insect, minor pest, major pest, distribution, nature of damage, life history, management strategy, chemical control, biological control, mechanical control, preventive method, curative method 2. Sep 26, 2016 in india expenditure on plant protection i.
In 5 10 days, the eggs hatch a maggot that burrows through the fruit. Paper open access identification of insect pests that. Adults and nymphs of the coconut scale, aspidiotus destructor. Paper open access identification of insect pests that attack. For farmers, ipm is the best combination of cultural, biological and chemical measures to manage diseases, insects, weeds and other pests. The decline in coconut production in jepara was caused by several factors, one of them was the number of pest insects 4. The coconut scale is a pest of concern on coconut and other perennial crops due to its relatively short life cycle of around 35 days and multiple overlapping generations per year. The result of insect and pest trapping found that, cocinellidae, cicada leafhopper, adult cotton leaf worm, and leaf minor fly were trapped in orchard. India, sri lanka in thailand, 1st found in 2008 the high level expert consultation on coconut sector development. It relies on predation, parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also involves an active human management role. Sudden outbreak of a pest in a severe form in a region at a particular time e. Status and management of three major insect pests of coconut. Pacific pests and pathogens fact sheets coconut false scale 348 common name coconut scale, coconut false scale scientific. Status and management of three major insect pests of coconut in the tropics and subtropics 367 fig.
This is one of the important pest s of coconut in india in kerala, karnataka, goa, tamil nadu and andhra prad esh and its attack often results in the death of the palm. The larva pupates arthropod pests of coconut, their identification, lifeh istory, inside. The coconut is one of the most used and grown nuts in the world, and the coconut tree is one of the most utilized palm trees in the world. A method of assessing the damage caused by the insect.
Coconut slug caterpillar based on level of infestation pest epidemic. Parasitoid release trap may be used to release the parasitoid at the site of feeding. Pacific pests and pathogens fact sheets coconut stick insect 102 common name coconut stick insect scientific name graeffea crouanii distribution narrow. It attacks coconut palms by boring into the crowns or tops of the tree where it damages growing tissue and feeds on tree sap. Insect pests of tomato university of maryland extension. Depending on the structure of the ecosystem in a given area and mans view point, a certain insect might or might not be considered a pest. Young palm trees are more susceptible to damage than mature trees. Integrated pest management the key to crop management in any farming system is the prevention of anything that will decrease the amount of crop harvested. Nonpesticide methods for controlling diseases and insect pests. The key to prevention is healthy plants and the key to healthy plants is in the soil. Sep 21, 2017 the red palm mite, raoiella indica, is a serious pest on coconut, date and other palm trees, in addition to banana plants. The caterpillars of the armyworm may be up to 90 percent infested by larvae of the redtailed. Scarabaeidae is a serious pest of coconut throughout india and southeast asia, causing an estimated 10% yield loss in the crop. Pdf status and management of three major insect pests of.
Identify the insect or problem evaluate the situation and predict the impact of the damage, if any make a decision about the best course of action and choose your control methods consult your county extension agent and state pest control. Insect pests that attack the stem can inhibit the flow of food throughout the plant. The only way to obtain this information is through routine scouting. Successful biological control of this pest could be achieved using the nonoccluded oryctes virus. The coconut scale insect csi outbreak in the philippines. Biological control of coconut leaf beetle by the parasite tetra stichus brontispae is recommended except on young palms where it can be controlled chemically. Despite the fact that massive outbreaks of the coconut scale insect pest, aspidiotus rigidus reyne hemiptera. Insect pests of major food crops, their reinvasion potential and the effects of radiation on arthropods a1 final report jue1969 contract no.
Here, we examined the genetic diversity, structure and demographic history of a. The coconut rhinoceros beetle oryctes rhinoceros was first detected in hawaii in december 20. Bracon hebetor against insectpest of coconut and sugarcane brachymeria against the pupae of several pests of plantation crops. The term is also used of organisms that cause a nuisance, such as in the home. Integrated pest management of sunflower insect pests in the. The rhinoceros beetle and brontispa longissima gestro were trapped in coconut farm, as shown in figure 3. An older usage is of a deadly epidemic disease, specifically plague.
Nonpesticide methods for controlling diseases and insect pests held in japan, 1017 april 2002. Banana diseases and pests, description, uses, propagation. Studies on the coconut pest, pseudotheraptus wayi brown. Among these pests, insects pests are the most destructive, causing severe damage to coconut. In recent days organic farming plays an important role in getting quality food, since people are health conscious and many times asking for organic tender coconut and organic copra. It is grown in almost 93 countries this insect pest is considered a serious. To report sightings or suspicious damage symptoms, call the pest hotline for any island. Eulepidotinae coconut mealybug nipaecoccus nipae maskell insecta. You may contact the coconut development officer cdo in your area for necessary advice. Please report sightings or suspicious damage, by calling 643pest 7378. The pca also attributed the decline in the pest population to typhoon glenda in july last year, which could have wiped out a significant number of cocolisap. Pest insects feeding on plants, for example, can reduce harvests or destroy crops. A method of assessing the damage caused by the insect volume 49 issue 3 f. Pseudococcidae a coconut mite, aceria guerreronis keifer arachnida.
The coconut bug is one of the most damaging pests of coconut in africa. Among the larval parasitoids, the bethylid goniozus nephantidis is the most effective in controlling the pest. Studies on the coconut pest, pseudotheraptus wayi brown coreidae, in zanzibar. The coconut palm is an important plantation crop in india, where it is cultivated on 1. Insect pests inflict damage to humans, farm animals and crops. A pest is any animal or plant detrimental to humans or human concerns, including crops, livestock and forestry, among others. The first case study of the diamondback moth demonstr ated the need to understand that the insect was an introduced pest. Status and management of three major insect pests of coconut in the tropics and subtropics 369 stalk borer, indischer nashornkafer dutch, indischer nashornkafer german, klappertor. The stem is smooth, light gray in color and has prominent leaf scars.
655 1051 769 364 933 1614 161 428 988 1072 922 1377 1242 344 1297 1052 707 903 1375 445 540 221 635 158 74 688 851 643 711 1410 1257 98 1475